Wavelength dependence of noise contributions for observations of an Earth-twin located at 10 pc with LIFE in the baseline scenario. Panel a): Division of the fundamental noise into its individual sources. Panel b): Instrumental noise sources split into systematic noise sources (green) and additional photon noise sources arising from instrumental effects. Panel c): Planet signal, fundamental noise, and instrumental noise contributions. A S/N using only fundamental noise (orange bars) represents the fundamental noise limited case used in the LIFE paper series. The green bars show the full S/N, which additionally considers the instrumental noise as well as the fundamental noise.