Predicted from the minimal model (Model 3, described in Sect. 4.2.3) vs. the derived from observations for the observed LCEs listed in Table 1. The values on the y axis are derived by multiplying the observed by the ratio / derived from our simulation (Sect. 2.3). The observational luminosity error bars are shown in sky blue. For a few galaxies, the observed is an upper limit; they are marked by sky blue arrows.