SEM images of condensates and evaporation residues formed during experiments. BSE images of the residue-poor region (a) and residuerich region (b). High-magnification SE image (c) and BSE image (d) of nanoparticle aggregates as condensates, which appeared to be a smooth matrix in low-magnification images. (e) BSE image of MgO residue, which looks similar to the MgO in the starting material. (ƒ–j) BSE images of melted residues with spherical forms. Cross-section (ƒ) and surface image (g) of glass residues with aligned fine-grained FeS on the surface. Cross-section of residues composed of Fe-metal and FeS (h), Fe-metal, FeS and Mg-Fe-Si-O glass (i), and Fe-metal and glass (j). The relative locations of Fe-metal, FeS, and glass (ƒ–j) indicate the wettability relationships among them.