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Fig. 8.

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Visualization of the loops surrounding the low-density regions at a moderately negative threshold. The gaps in the manifold correspond to the mask that has been removed. We clearly note the equatorial belt corresponding to our galaxy, and more patches in the visible cap. Some loops live fully in the excursion region that is not influenced by the mask. We show them in red. We also depict some representative relative loops whose end points are masked. We draw closed loops for this category as well and show the portions in which they overlap the masked regions in white. The visualization is based on the observed CMB map from the NPIPE data set smoothed at 5 degrees.

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