Fig. 20.

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Top panel: evolution of blob size (R), versus distance travelled by the blob across the jet (Δr). The grey shaded area represents the evolution of R for a blob expanding with constant velocity, with a range of βexp = [0.001 − 0.3], for a Bulk Lorentz factor of 25, an observing angle of 1.5 deg, texp = 0, R0 = 5 × 1015 cm, and RH0 = 1 × 1017 cm. The green shaded area represents the corresponding Δr interval for a range of observed delay of days. The blue shaded area represents the same trend for the case of RH0 = 1 × 1018 cm. RH0 is the site of the γ-ray flare. The blue dashed line represents a conical jet profile for RH0 = 1 × 1017 cm and the orange dashed line for RH0 = 1 × 1018 cm, both starting from an initial value of R0 = 5 × 1015 cm. The yellow, blue, and purple shaded regions represent the
for Mrk 421, Mrk 501, and 3C 273, respectively. Bottom panel: same as in the top panel, replacing the spatial units with the Schwarzschild radius for a BH mass of 109 M⊙.
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