Top panel: trends for the response amplitude (A) normalised to its maximum value for β_exp ∈ [2 × 10⁻³, 0.3] and ν_obs = 15 GHz. The blue lines correspond to the case of only adiabatic cooling, and the orange lines to the case of radiative plus adiabatic cooling. Bottom panel: same as in top panel but for ν_obs ∈ [10, 40] GHz and β_exp = 0.1. All the other parameters are the same as reported in Table 2.