Fig. 9

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Azimuthally averaged midplane temperature for an optically thin CPD at sub-millimetre wavelengths around a 2.8 MJup planet. Filled circles indicate the temperature retrieved from the simulation that includes to the planet and to the star as heating sources; open circles indicate the temperature measured when the planet was not included. Vertical line indicates the planetocentric distance beyond which the star alone provides more than 50% of the total CPD heating. The blue curve shows the case of the isolated planet+CPD system where the heating from the circumstellar material is not modelled. The horizontal line marks the characteristic temperature of the protoplanetary disk at the location of the planet.
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