Table 6
Maximum mass-loss rates and minimum clumping factors for the sample as derived in the fixed-regions approach (see Sect. 3).
Source | Ṁmax | R* | β | υ∞ | Reg. 2 | Reg. 3 | Reg. 4 | Reg. 5 | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(10−6M⊙ yr−1) | (R⊙) | (km s−1) | ![]() |
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HD 66811 (ζ Pup) | 4.2 | 18.6 | 0.7 | 2250 | 5.0 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | |
8.5 | 29.7 | 5.0 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | ||||
Cyg OB2#11 | 5.05 | 23.15 | 1.1 | 2300 | 1.0 | 1.0 (3.0) | 1.0 | (15.0) | 1.0 | |
HD 210839 (λ Cep) | 1.3 | 13.35 | 1.0 | 2250 | 1.0 | 7.0 | 1.0/8.0 | 5.0/12.0 | 1.0 | |
HD 152408 | 9.5 | 30.0 | 2.1 | 955 | 1.0 | 3.25 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | |
HD 151804 (V973 Sco) | 6.4 | 36.0 | 2.0 | 1450 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 1.0 | (8.0) | 1.0 | |
HD 149404 | 8.27 | 37.0 | 1.3 | 2450 | 1.0 | 5.2 | 1.0 | (6.0) | 1.0 | Binary |
HD 30614 (α Cam) | 1.75 | 20.70 | 1.15 | 1550 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 1.0 | (2.0) | 1.0 | |
HD 37128 (ϵ Ori) | 1.25 | 24.68 | 1.5 | 1910 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
HD 38771 (κ Ori) | ≲0.7(a) | 23.0 | 1.5 | 1525 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (8.0) | 1.0 | |
HD 154090 (κ Sco) | 1.2 | 39.0 | 1.5 | 915 | 2.0 | 4.5 | 1.0 | (8.0) | 1.0 | |
HD 193237 (P Cyg) | 12.8 | 97.14 | 2.5 | 195 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 1.0/1.5 | LBV |
HD 24398 (ζ Per) | ≲0.18(b) | 21.12 | 1.5 | 1295 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (45.0) | 1.0 (5.0) | |
HD 169454 | 10.4 | 98.2 | 2.1 | 850 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 1.0 | eBHG |
HD 152236(ζ1 Sco) | 6.2 | 104.0 | 2.0 | 390 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | eBHG |
HD 41117 (χ2 Ori) | 1.8 | 61.0 | 2.0 | 510 | 7.3 | 1.35 | 1.0 | (6.0) | 1.0 | |
HD 194279 | 2.12 | 78.4 | 2.5 | 550 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (30.0) | 1.0 | |
0.5(c) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 20.0 | (100.0) | 20.0 | |||||
HD 198478(*) (55 Cyg) | ≲ 0.14-0.38(a) | 35.8 | 1.3 | 200-470 | 40.0-45.0 | 6.0-6.5 | 1.0 | (10.0) | 1.0 | |
HD 80077 | 3.45 | 167.0 | 3.0 | 250 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.0 | (6.0) | 1.0 | eBHG |
HD 53138 (o2 CMa) | ≲1.8(d) | 65.0 | 2.0 | 865 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (18.0) | 1.0 (50.0) | |
Cyg OB2#12 | 3.0(c) | 240.0 | 3.0 | 400 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 5.0/15.0 | eBHG |
1.02(c) | 116.7 | 3.0 | 400 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 5.0/15.0 | ||
HD 24912 (ξ Per) | 1.4 | 23.4 | 0.9 | 2450 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 1.0/3.0 | (5.0) | 1.0/3.0 | |
HD 36816 (λ Ori A) | ≲0.16(a) | 7.8 | 0.9 | 2400 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (2.0) | 1.0 | |
HD 37043 (ι Ori) | 0.25(c) | 17.9 | 0.9 | 2300 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0/5.0 | 10.0 | 1.0/15.0 | Binary |
HD 149757 (ζ Oph) | ≲0.07(b) | 8.9 | 0.8 | 1550 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (2.0) | 1.0 (8.0) | |
HD 149438 (τ Sco) | ≲0.315(a) | 5.65 | 0.8 | 2400 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | (7.0) | 1.0 | Magnetic |
≲0.0185(a) | 300.0 | 1.0/300.0 | 1.0 | (300.0) | 1.0 (300.0) |
Notes. Sources are sorted as in Table 1. R* corresponds to the estimated stellar radius for the assumed distance (see Table 3), whereas β and υ∞ are taken from the literature (references in Table 5). Clumping factors denoted by
,
,
,
, and rin = 1.05 R*, rmid = 2 R*, rout = 15 R* and rfar > 50 R* are corresponding wind-region (cwr) boundaries. The maximum possible clumping factor in Region 4 still consistent with the data denoted by
. Boldfaced names refer to stars with the best constrained clumping factors for all wind regions. Values separated by a forward slash (/) indicate alternate well-defined solutions, with the best-fit solution being always the number on the left. Values in parentheses refer to upper limits of the maximum clumping factor in the cwr (see Sect. 3.4). (*)Value interval for Ṁmax and clumping factors derived from the stellar parameters in the literature (see Table 5 and Appendix A.2 for further discussion.). (a)Upper limit of Ṁmax, derived from upper radio-flux limits. (b)Upper limit of Ṁmax, derived from well-defined FIR fluxes, since upper radio-flux limits are inconsistent with all the data. (c)Well-defined Ṁmax, derived from FIR fluxes, since well-defined radio fluxes are not consistent with all the data. (d)Upper limit of Ṁmax derived from well-defined FIR fluxes. No radio fluxes measurements available.
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