Density distribution of the hydrostatic bias, b. The values of b are inferred from Eq. (10), using the values tabulated in Table 1, for the X-COP objects at R₅₀₀ (solid line) and at R₂₀₀ (dotted line), and from Eq. (24) for the upper limits for the clusters in Pinto et al. (2015) (16 out of 44 with T > 2 keV; upper limits estimated within 0.8 arcmin) and Sanders et al. (2011) (36 out of 62). The purple line shows the constraints that include the correction to extrapolate the estimates from the core to R₅₀₀ (see text and the inset, where we plot median distribution, with first and third quartiles, of the hydrostatic bias in the X-COP sample as a function of radius). The shaded region shows the constraints obtained from the Planck Collaboration by combining the cosmic microwave background anisotropies and the cluster number count (Planck Collaboration VI 2020).