Fig. 9.
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(a) High-resolution frequency-time spectrogram of a Langmuir wave detected by the TDS receiver. (b) Langmuir emission electric field waveforms, perpendicular (E⊥) and parallel E∥ to the background magnetic field. (c) The power spectral densities of E⊥ and E∥. The vertical line ∼56 kHz represents the electron plasma frequency (fpe) detected by RPW/TNR.
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