Fig. 11
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Water ice mass fractions of planet cores in the different system classes. For balanced samples of 264 planets per class, we show their position in mass-semi-major axis space, color-coded by ice mass fraction. For the systems containing super-Earths, we indicate their initial orbital distance by a rug plot with the same color-code. Planets < 0.5 M⊕ are not shown. The mass fractions of ice in the core are largely determined by the position of the water ice line in the protoplanetary disk, where planets beyond ~ 1 au are mostly water-rich. Super-Earths in systems without cold Jupiters have higher ice mass fractions than their siblings with giants.
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