Table 5.
Estimated mean parameters for different clump categories.
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clump | ⟨T⟩ | ⟨Fν(850 μm)⟩ | ⟨N(H2)⟩ | ⟨N(H2)850⟩ | Ratio | ⟨β⟩ | ⟨M⟩ | ⟨Mvir⟩ | ⟨d⟩ | Nclumps | |
type | (K) | (Jy) | (1021 cm−2) | (1021 cm−2) | (peak/mean) | (M⊙) | (M⊙) | (kpc) | |||
All fields with distance, n = 395 clumps | |||||||||||
All | 17.8 ± 3.6 | 2.4 ± 3.9 | 14.5 ± 6.7 | 30.0 ± 39.1 | 2.2 ± 4.5 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 135.7 ± 316.0 | 9.8 ± 7.4 | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 264 | 395 |
PS-C | 16.5 ± 3.3 | 2.8 ± 2.7 | 17.8 ± 8.1 | 52.9 ± 52.2 | 2.1 ± 5.7 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 176.8 ± 300.6 | 9.4 ± 7.1 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 36 | 36 |
PS | 17.7 ± 3.3 | 4.2 ± 5.8 | 15.7 ± 7.8 | 43.1 ± 56.5 | 2.5 ± 2.4 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 233.4 ± 552.5 | 11.0 ± 8.1 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 52 | 90 |
PRE | 18.2 ± 3.6 | 2.0 ± 3.0 | 14.1 ± 5.7 | 23.7 ± 26.0 | 2.8 ± 2.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 107.0 ± 171.1 | 10.2 ± 7.0 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 154 | 245 |
SL | 17.3 ± 4.4 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 9.9 ± 3.7 | 11.0 ± 5.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 22 | 24 |
SL PRE | 18.1 ± 3.7 | 1.8 ± 2.9 | 13.6 ± 5.6 | 22.5 ± 25.1 | 2.2 ± 1.9 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 97.6 ± 166.0 | 9.5 ± 7.1 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 176 | 269 |
PS PS-C | 17.2 ± 3.4 | 3.8 ± 5.1 | 16.5 ± 8.0 | 45.9 ± 55.5 | 2.2 ± 5.0 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 217.2 ± 494.5 | 10.6 ± 7.9 | 2.2 ± 1.3 | 88 | 126 |
d < 0.5 kpc, n = 13 clumps | |||||||||||
All | 11.9 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 14.1 ± 5.8 | 20.9 ± 11.2 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 1.8 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 8 | 13 |
PS | – | 1.0 ± 0.6 | – | 15.3 ± 5.5 | – | – | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0 | 3 |
PRE | 12.1 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 15.2 ± 5.2 | 34.9 ± 9.1 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 2.1 | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 4 | 4 |
SL | 11.7 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 13.1 ± 6.1 | 14.3 ± 3.5 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 4 | 6 |
SL PRE | 11.9 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 14.1 ± 5.8 | 22.6 ± 11.9 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 2.0 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 8 | 10 |
0.5 ≤ d < 1.5 kpc, n = 99 clumps | |||||||||||
All | 15.8 ± 3.5 | 1.9 ± 2.7 | 13.8 ± 6.6 | 34.6 ± 45.9 | 2.3 ± 2.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 13.7 ± 18.8 | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 99 | 99 |
PS-C | 14.0 ± 1.4 | 2.7 ± 2.7 | 16.6 ± 8.1 | 66.0 ± 62.4 | 2.2 ± 2.4 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 23.0 ± 24.4 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 19 | 19 |
PS | 17.0 ± 3.8 | 3.5 ± 3.8 | 15.0 ± 8.6 | 40.2 ± 51.5 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 20.7 ± 24.7 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 21 | 21 |
PRE | 14.7 ± 2.7 | 1.4 ± 1.9 | 13.9 ± 4.4 | 28.2 ± 33.6 | 3.6 ± 2.3 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 11.0 ± 11.5 | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 41 | 41 |
SL | 18.6 ± 3.8 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 9.2 ± 2.4 | 9.9 ± 5.6 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 18 | 18 |
SL PRE | 15.9 ± 3.6 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | 12.5 ± 4.5 | 22.6 ± 29.4 | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 8.2 ± 10.5 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 59 | 59 |
PS PS-C | 15.6 ± 3.3 | 3.1 ± 3.4 | 15.8 ± 8.4 | 52.5 ± 58.4 | 2.3 ± 2.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 21.8 ± 24.6 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 40 | 40 |
1.5 ≤ d < 3.0 kpc, n = 168 clumps | |||||||||||
All | 18.5 ± 2.5 | 2.9 ± 4.8 | 14.8 ± 6.4 | 30.5 ± 39.3 | 2.7 ± 8.7 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 114.3 ± 203.1 | 9.5 ± 4.5 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 63 | 168 |
PS-C | 15.7 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 8.9 ± 1.3 | 23.1 ± 12.0 | 2.7 ± 10.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 63.3 ± 42.7 | 9.5 ± 1.5 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 3 | 3 |
PS | 18.2 ± 3.1 | 4.4 ± 6.4 | 13.9 ± 6.7 | 43.8 ± 55.4 | 2.6 ± 3.3 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 171.8 ± 274.5 | 11.0 ± 4.7 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 15 | 47 |
PRE | 18.8 ± 2.2 | 2.3 ± 3.8 | 15.5 ± 6.3 | 25.4 ± 29.5 | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 92.6 ± 163.7 | 8.9 ± 4.4 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 45 | 118 |
PS PS-C | 17.8 ± 3.0 | 4.3 ± 6.3 | 13.1 ± 6.4 | 42.6 ± 54.1 | 2.7 ± 8.9 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 165.3 ± 267.5 | 10.9 ± 4.6 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 18 | 50 |
d ≥ 3.0 kpc, n = 115 clumps | |||||||||||
All | 19.9 ± 2.8 | 2.4 ± 3.3 | 15.2 ± 6.9 | 26.2 ± 33.7 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 287.3 ± 493.9 | 16.8 ± 7.9 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 94 | 115 |
PS-C | 19.9 ± 2.1 | 3.2 ± 2.9 | 21.2 ± 7.0 | 41.6 ± 33.8 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 409.7 ± 376.8 | 17.4 ± 4.0 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 14 | 14 |
PS | 18.3 ± 2.6 | 4.7 ± 6.2 | 18.2 ± 6.9 | 48.8 ± 66.5 | 2.6 ± 2.5 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 657.7 ± 1005.4 | 20.4 ± 9.8 | 4.1 ± 0.3 | 16 | 19 |
PRE | 20.3 ± 2.9 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 13.1 ± 5.8 | 18.4 ± 12.2 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 180.6 ± 194.7 | 15.9 ± 7.6 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 64 | 82 |
PS PS-C | 19.1 ± 2.5 | 4.1 ± 5.1 | 19.6 ± 7.1 | 45.7 ± 55.2 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 552.5 ± 810.7 | 19.1 ± 8.0 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 30 | 33 |
Notes. Mean temperature T, flux density Fν, column density ⟨N(H2)⟩, peak column density N(H2)850, ratio of peak to mean N(H2), mean beta, observed mass M, virial mass Mvir, and distance d of unbound SL, PRE, and PS-C, and unconfirmed (PS) clumps. Only fields with distance estimates are considered. Average temperatures and column densities are further limited to fields with SPIRE data. The number of clumps of each type with distance estimates and Herschel SPIRE data are listed in Col. 11 and the total number of clumps with distance estimates in Col. 12. Estimates for all starless (SL plus PRE) and all protostellar (PS plus PS-C) clumps are also included.
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