Open Access

Table C.1.

Processes accounted for in this study for the CO evolution once released from the KB. We show the dominant process at the KB location in the column with an asterisk.

Processes interactions quantity of interest value *

CO
Ionization SW protons charge exchange cross-section (López-Patiño et al. 2017) 1.5 × 10−15 cm2
solar photons photoionization rate (at 1 au) (Huebner et al. 1992) 6 × 10−7 s−1 x
SW e impacts ionization rate (Rubin et al. 2009) 5.49 × 10−9 cm3/s

Dissociation SW protons dissociation cross-section (López-Patiño et al. 2017) 1.5 × 10−17 cm2
solar photons photodissociation rate (at 1 au) (Huebner & Mukherjee 2015) 5 × 10−7 s−1 x
ISM photons photodissociation rate (Heays et al. 2017) 2.4 × 10−10 s−1

Collisions SW protons radial velocity after first collision ∼ 3 au/yr x
collisional frequency (at 45 au) ∼ 2.7 yr
LISM protons radial velocity after collision depends on vCO
collisional frequency ∼ 1.7 yr

CO+

Dissociation solar photons photodissociation rate (at 1 au) (Heays et al. 2017) 5 × 10−8 s−1
ISM photons photodissociation rate (Heays et al. 2017) 1 × 10−10 s−1 x

Collisions SW protons radial velocity after first collision ∼ 3 au/yr x
collisional frequency (at 45 au) ∼ 24 min
LISM protons radial velocity after collision depends on vCO+
collisional frequency ∼ 15 min

C

Ionization solar photons photoionization rate (at 1 au) (Huebner & Mukherjee 2015) 4 × 10−7 s−1
ISM photons photoionization rate (Heays et al. 2017) 3.4 × 10−10 s−1 x

O

Ionization SW protons charge exchange cross-sectiona (Izmodenov et al. 1997) 1.1 × 10−15 cm2 x
solar photons photoionization rate (at 1 au) (Huebner & Mukherjee 2015) 4 × 10−7 s−1
ISM photons photoionization rate 0

Notes. a We note that some extra ionization comes from electron impact ionization while crossing the heliosphere, but CO mainly photo-dissociates farther out (Izmodenov et al. 1999).

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.