The unusual widespread solar energetic particle event on 2013 August 19 - Solar origin and particle longitudinal distribution

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Volume 653 (September 2021)

A&A, 653 (2021) A137

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Table 1.

Spacecraft locations, magnetic field line lengths and footpoint locations, and connection angles with respect to the AR.

Spacecraft location				Solar wind speed	Field line length	Field line footpoint location				Connection angle
	Location ^(a)			In situ/ENLIL ^(b)	Parker/ENLIL ^(d)	Parker spiral ^(e)		ENLIL ^(f)		Parker/ENLIL ^(g)
s/c	R	Lon	Lat	Vsw	L	Lon	Lat	Lon	Lat	Δϕ
	(au)	(deg)	(deg)	(km s⁻¹)	(au)	(deg)	(deg)	(deg)	(deg)	(deg)
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)
STEREO-B	1.02	−138	−7	332/377	1.24/1.26	−64	−7	−87	−6	125/102
MESSENGER	0.33	159	1	418 ^(c)/301	0.31/0.31	177	1	174	1	6/3
STEREO-A	0.97	144	−4	418/315	1.08/1.14	−160	−4	−164	−5	29/25
MARS	1.58	128	−1	418 ^(c)/322	2.09/2.26	−141	−1	−145	−3	48/44
EARTH	1.01	0	7	446/477	1.12/1.09	54	7	33	6	−117/−138

Notes.

^(a)

STEREO location in HEEQ coordinates at 23:22 universal time (UT) on 2013 August 19. MARS and MESSENGER location in HEEQ coordinates at 23:00 UT on 2013 August 19.

^(b)

One-hour averaged solar wind speed measured at estimated particle solar release time. ENLIL values are taken from simulation on 2013 August 19 at 23:00 UT.

^(c)

Mercury and Mars solar wind speeds from STEREO-A.

^(d)

Length calculated from 6 (5) R_⊙ for Parker spiral (ENLIL) magnetic field lines (as the probable heliospheric particle release height), assuming a radial extension from 21.5 R_⊙ to 5 R_⊙ in the case of ENLIL modelling.

^(e)

Footpoint location at 6 R_⊙.

^(f)

Footpoint location radially extended from 21.5 R_⊙ to 5 R_⊙.

^(g)

The positive sign means westward location with respect to the CME apex direction (171°).

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