Press Release
Open Access

Table A.1.

Solar inertial modes detected in HMI ring-diagram flow maps for 2010–2020.

m (j, s) Mode frequency (a) Significance (b) Critical latitude (c) Latitude at max () max(uθ) max(uϕ) Linewidth Excess power range
[nHz] at r = R [multiples of 7.5°] [m s−1] [m s−1] [nHz] (not activity related)
Equatorial Rossby modes:
3 (θ, +) −269 (d) > 8 σL 59° 1.5 1.2 < 24 [−280, −200] nHz
4 (θ, +) −208 (d) 7.5 σL 45° 1.6 1.1 < 37 [−250, −190] nHz
5 (θ, +) −171 (d) > 8 σL 37° 1.0 < 12 [−210, −150] nHz
6 (θ, +) −147 (d) 5.7 σL 31° 1.3 < 24 [−170, −125] nHz
7 (θ, +) −130.7 ± 2.8 (d)(e) > 8 σL 25° 7.5° 1.5 9.9 ± 2.4 [−175, −110] nHz
8 (θ, +) −110.9 ± 2.4 (d)(e) > 8 σL 22° 2.0 10.6 ± 1.0 [−135, −65] nHz
9 (θ, +) −122 (d) > 8 σL 22° 1.1 < 12 [−135, −55] nHz
10 (θ, +) −110 (d) > 8 σL 19° 1.4 < 24 [−145, −70] nHz

High-latitude inertial modes:
1 (ϕ, +) −86 > 8 σH 58° ≥67.5° 2.5 < 12 [−110, −50] nHz
1 (ϕ, −) −86.3 ± 1.6 (e)(f) > 8 σH 58° ≥67.5° 3.0 9.8 7.8 ± 0.2 [−150, −10] nHz
2 (ϕ, +) −171 (f) > 8 σH 58° 60° 2.3 < 12 [−195, −100] nHz
2 (ϕ, −) −151.1 ± 4.3 (e)(f) > 8 σH 56° ≥67.5° 2.5 3.4 30.6 ± 3.3 [−185, −90] nHz
3 (ϕ, +) −224.7 ± 2.5 (e)(f) > 8 σH 53° 60° 1.6 1.8 9.7 ± 1.7 [−265, −180] nHz
4 (θ, +) −294 3.9 σH 53° ≥67.5° 1.0 0.8 < 12 }[−310, −240] nHz
4 (θ, +) −245 5.3 σH 49° 60° 1.1 1.1 < 24
5 (θ, −) −343 5.3 σH 52° 60° 0.7 < 12 }[−355, −275] nHz
5 (ϕ, +) −282 2.6 σH 47° 52.5° 0.8 0.8 < 24

Critical-latitude inertial modes:
1 (ϕ, +) −37 > 8 σM 38° 37.5° 1.3 < 24 (g)
1 (ϕ, −) −37 7.1 σM 38° 37.5° 0.5 0.9 < 12 (g)
1 (ϕ, −) −12 > 8 σL 20° 30° 1.2 < 24
2 (ϕ, +) −61 6.8 σM 34° 52.5° 1.1 < 24 }[−65, 0] nHz
2 (ϕ, +) −12 > 8 σL 10° 22.5° 0.9 1.1 < 12
2 (ϕ, −) −73 > 8 σH 38° 45° 0.8 1.3 < 12 }[−50, 30] nHz
3 (ϕ, −) 0 6.6 σL n/a 15° 1.0 < 24 (g)
4 (ϕ, +) −220 4.3 σH 46° 45° 0.5 < 12
4 (ϕ, +) −110 4.4 σM 33° 37.5° 0.6 < 12 }[−120, 35] nHz
4 (ϕ, +) −12 4.3 σL n/a 15° 0.6 1.0 < 12 (g)
4 (ϕ, +) 24 5.5 σL n/a 1.4 < 24
4 (ϕ, −) −171 3.4 σH 41° 45° 0.6 < 12
4 (ϕ, −) −24 > 8 σL 10° 22.5° 1.0 < 24 }[−50, 30] nHz
4 (ϕ, −) 24 5.9 σL n/a 7.5° 1.0 < 24
5 (ϕ, +) −135 (h) 3.7 σM 32° 37.5° 0.8 < 24
5 (ϕ, +) −24 3.5 σL 15° 1.0 < 24 (g)
5 (θ, −) 37 4.3 σL n/a 15° 0.7 < 24
5 (θ, +) −330 2.3 σH 51° 60° 0.7 < 24 }[−330, −190] nHz
5 (ϕ, −) −294 2.1 σH 48° 52.5° 0.7 < 24
5 (ϕ, −) −245 5.7 σH 44° 45° 0.8 < 12
5 (θ, +) −86 4.0 σM 25° 37.5° 0.7 < 12
6 (θ, −) −343 (h) 2.1 σH 47° 60° 0.5 < 12
6 (ϕ, +) −306 3.3 σH 45° 60° 0.4 < 12
6 (θ, −) −61 2.0 σM 18° 30° 0.6 < 12
6 (ϕ, +) −24 4.5 σM n/a 15° 1.1 < 12
6 (ϕ, −) −245 (h) 2.7 σH 40° 45° 0.5 < 12
6 (ϕ, −) 37 2.5 σL n/a 7.5° 0.7 < 12 (g)
7 (θ, −) −196 2.4 σH 33° 45° 0.7 < 24 (g)
7 (ϕ, +) −86 3.6 σL 20° 22.5° 0.6 < 12
7 (θ, +) −73 3.0 σM 18° 0.5 < 12
7 (ϕ, −) 0 3.6 σL n/a 22.5° 0.7 < 24
9 (ϕ, +) 0 5.3 σL n/a 15° 0.7 0.6 < 12
9 (θ, +) −269 2.5 σH 34° 45° 0.5 < 12
10 (θ, −) −49 3.3 σM 22.5° 0.5 < 12
10 (θ, +) −282 2.9 σH 33° 45° 0.3 < 12

Notes. Frequencies are defined in the Carrington frame.

(a)

The search range was limited to 1 ≤ m ≤ 10 and |ω/2π| ≤ 400 nHz.

(b)

The statistical significance of each peak is given in terms of the standard deviation computed for the most significant of the latitudinal averages shown in Figs. C.2C.11 (σL for low latitudes, σM for mid latitudes, and σH for high latitudes).

(c)

“n/a” means not applicable (no critical latitude at the surface, only deeper).

(d)

Mode reported by Löptien et al. (2018).

(e)

Mode parameters measured with a Lorentzian fit.

(f)

Frequency near that reported by Hathaway & Upton (2021).

(g)

Measured during the quiet Sun period 2018–2020.

(h)

Outside the activity frequency range, however not significant during the quiet Sun period 2018–2020.

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.