Table 4
Simulation of the Solar System with asteroids in the conveyor belt.
| Simulation of the migration of asteroids from the conveyor belt to the Oort cloud (see Sect. 3.4). | |
|---|---|
| Designation | Simulation C |
| Simulations | Nine simulations with various initial realizations, but geared toward populating the Oort cloud from the conveyor belt. |
| Planets | Four planets to each star in a circular disk, with Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune in orbits with semi-major axes of 5.1, 9.5, 19.2, and 30.1 au, respectively. |
| Asteroids | 104 asteroids per run distributed in the ecliptic plane in the conveyor belt on eccentric orbits of between 0.1 and 0.9 and with a pericenter distance of between 5.1 au and 30.1 au (see also Duncan et al. 1987). Four simulations with the ecliptic plane in the Galactic plane and five simulations with an inclination of 60° to the Galactic plane. |
| Numerics | Huayno (Pelupessy et al. 2012) coupled with the Galactic model (see Table 5) via bridge (Portegies Zwart et al. 2020) in AMUSE (Portegies Zwart & McMillan 2018). Seven simulations were conducted with standard precision of the Huayno integrator, and two simulations at twice the precision (by reducing the time-step parameter η from 0.02 to 0.01). |
| Computer | Run on ALICE using a GPU. |
| Duration | Start at an age of ~100 Myr (once the Solar System has left its birth cluster), and continued for 1 Gyr (~1 Gyr after the Sun leaves the cluster; see sect. 3.3.4). |
Notes. These simulations are performed with a populated conveyor belt. The initial conditions for the asteroids are therefore not the result of earlier calculations. These conditions were selected to mimic the phase in which asteroids are launched onto the conveyor belt. As this process may last for up to some 100 Myr, we shorten this by generating initial conditions when the asteroids are already in the conveyor-belt region. These simulations are mainly used to study the eccentricity-damping process of the Galactic tidal field and the phase-space distribution of asteroids in the Oort cloud.
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