Fig. 14.

H2O(321 − 312)-normalized H2O intensities (in Jy km s−1) as a function of the excitation temperature of the upper level. Gold circles are the H2O ratios measured in the PJ231−20 QSO. The solid black line reports the average H2O SLED of the whole sample of Yang et al. (2013). The gray shadowed area represents the 1σ uncertainty. The dashed red and blue lines indicate the average values of strong-AGN- and HII+mild-AGN-dominated galaxies, respectively, as classified by Yang et al. (2013). We also report data retrieved from the literature for the two nearby sources Arp 220 (Rangwala et al. 2011) and the AGN-dominated Mrk 231 (González-Alfonso et al. 2010). For comparison, we also show the H2O flux ratios observed in high-z sources such as APM 08279+5255 (van der Werf et al. 2011), the lensed z > 6 quasar J0439+1634 (Yang et al. 2019a), and the SMG HFLS3 (Riechers et al. 2013). The energy of the upper levels of the 220 − 211 and 312 − 303 transitions were shifted for clarity to −20 and +20 K, respectively.
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