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Fig. 7

image

Maximum Stokes number (top plot) and planetary growth timescale until the pebble isolation mass is reached (bottom plot) as a function of orbital distance, for the disks with the four different initial gas surface densities: α = 10−3 (left plot), α = 5 × 10−4 (middle plot), α = 10−4 (right plot), and uf = 1 m s−1. The gray lines show the typical lifetime range of a protoplanetary disk of 3–10 Myr.

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