Rosseland, Planck, and stellar mean opacities (from left to right) as a function of temperature for grain sizes of 0.1 μm, 1 μm, 10 μm, 100 μm, 1 mm, and 1 cm. The composition of the grain mixture is presented in Table 1. The gray dashed lines show the evaporation temperatures of the different species, which are (from lowest to the highest) CO, CH₄, CO₂, H₂O, Fe₃O₄, C, FeS, Mg₂SiO₄, Fe₂O₃, and MgSiO₃. The water ice evaporation front is shown as a gray band.