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Fig. 4

image

Dynamic stability and instability behavior of Kepler-47 b depending on the initial binary eccentricity. The top panel represents the maximum difference between acrit and acbp in its entire long-term evolution. If acritacbp is less thanzero, the dynamic stability limit never engulfs Kepler-47b. The middle panel shows the time in which acrit crosses into acbp (acrit = acbp) during each simulation’s history. The maximum instability time is 33.6 Myr at ebin = 0.236 and drops as the initial ebin increases. The dashed vertical lines represent transitional values of ebin. The bottom panel shows when each of the binary stars tidally lock during each simulation. Tidal lock time for the secondary star, Kepler-47B, is constant compared to the initial ebin, however the tidal lock time for the more massive primary star, Kepler-47A, jumps from 69.3 Myr at ebin = 0.19 to 3.93 Gyr at ebin = 0.20 and decreases to zero as the initial ebin increases. The approximate runtime was 42 h in total. github.com: cbp_dynamic_stability/K47_Eccentricities

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