Table 3
Observed and simulated fractional abundances of the seven COMs in the extended region of Sgr B2.
| Model/Observation | CH2OHCHO | CH3OCHO | t-HCOOH | C2H5OH | CH3NH2 | CH3OCH3 | C2H5CN | Number of fits(a) | κ (b) | ttotal (c) (yr) | T (d) (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observation(e) | 2.1(−09)(f) | 1.3(−10) | 1.0(−10) | 1.7(−09) | 4.3(−10) | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | <4.2(−12) | <3.0(−11) | − | − | − | − | |
| 1.4(−11) | 1.0(−12) | 1.3(−12) | 2.0(−11) | 2.8(−12) | |||||||
| Median value(g) | 1.6(−10) | 1.9(−11) | 1.4(−11) | 2.2(−10) | 4.6(−11) | 4.2(−13) | 8.3(−13) | 7 | − | − | − |
| Fiducial model 2 | 6.5(−11) | 1.9(−11) | 5.3(–10) (h) | 3.3(−11) | 1.9(−10) | 4.0(−12) | 1.8(−11) | 6 | 0.473 | 3.752(05) | 36.8 |
| 9.3(−11) | 1.0(−11) | 5.6(–10) | 1.1(−10) | 1.4(−10) | 1.0(−12) | 2.3(−11) | 6 | 0.565 | 3.992(05) | 57.2 | |
| nH = 2 × 104 cm−3 | 4.3(−11) | 1.8(−11) | 1.6(–10) | 1.1(−10) | 1.2(–09) | 1.0(–10) | 3.0(–12) | 4 | 0.481 | 3.547(05) | 24.2 |
| nH = 2 × 105 cm−3 | 4.8(–11) | 3.6(–11) | 2.2(–11) | 8.8(–11) | 1.1(–09) | 7.0(–11) | 2.0(–12) | 5 | 0.545 | 3.539(05) | 23.8 |
| AV = 50 | 4.6(–11) | 3.0(–12) | 1.3(–11) | 1.6(–11) | 4.7(–11) | 2.0(–12) | 1.0(–12) | 6 | 0.667 | 3.937(05) | 51.7 |
| AV = 1000 | 1.7(–11) | 1.0(–12) | 7.0(–12) | 9.0(–12) | 6.1(–11) | 1.0(–12) | 2.0(–12) | 6 | 0.539 | 3.913(05) | 49.6 |
| tcold = 105 yr | 6.0(–12) | 2.0(–12) | 4.9(–11) | 5.0(–12) | 4.6(–11) | 1.0(–12) | 1.0(–12) | 5 | 0.545 | 1.664(05) | 30.9 |
| tcold = ×106 yr | 2.7(–10) | 1.2(–10) | 8.9(–10) | 5.8(–11) | 5.2(–10) | 2.9(–11) | 1.0(–12) | 4 | 0.450 | 1.061(06) | 27.6 |
| twarmup = 104 yr | 1.3(–10) | 1.1(–10) | 1.1(–11) | 2.0(–12) | 2.2(–11) | 1.0(–12) | 7.1(–13) | 6 | 0.678 | 3.047(05) | 52.8 |
| twarmup = 5 × 104 yr | 1.6(–10) | 2.7(–11) | 1.7(–10) | 3.2(–11) | 6.5(–11) | 4.0(–12) | 2.0(–12) | 6 | 0.637 | 3.258(05) | 60.7 |
| twarmup = 5 × 105 yr | 2.3(–11) | 1.3(–11) | 3.7(–10) | 1.2(–10) | 1.5(–10) | 4.0(–12) | 3.0(–11) | 6 | 0.466 | 5.216(05) | 47.3 |
| twarmup = 106 yr | 1.0(–12) | 3.0(–12) | 1.1(–10) | 1.9(–10) | 6.9(–11) | 6.7(–13) | 1.5(–10) | 4 | 0.499 | 7.742(05) | 52.7 |
| n = 1 | 7.1(–11) | 1.8(–11) | 4.9(–10) | 7.3(–11) | 1.3(–10) | 3.0(–12) | 1.1(–11) | 6 | 0.647 | 3.380(05) | 46.1 |
| Tmax = 50 K | 3.5(–11) | 1.4(–11) | 2.8(–10) | 2.7(–11) | 2.7(–10) | 8.0(–12) | 1.0(–12) | 5 | 0.505 | 4.303(05) | 27.0 |
| Tmax = 100 K | 2.6(–11) | 1.0(–11) | 1.4(–10) | 1.5(–11) | 1.8(–10) | 4.0(–12) | 9.4(–13) | 5 | 0.517 | 3.851(05) | 26.3 |
| Tmax = 1000 K | 2.0(–10) | 1.5(–11) | 2.9(–10) | 5.9(–11) | 1.0(–10) | 3.0(–12) | 2.0(–12) | 6 | 0.632 | 3.433(05) | 56.3 |
| G0 = 1 | 4.8(–11) | 0 (i) | 1.1(–11) | 1.4(–11) | 4.9(–11) | 3.0(–12) | 1.0(–12) | 5 | 0.579 | 3.940(05) | 52.0 |
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−16 s−1 | 1.8(–10) | 1.6(–11) | 2.7(–10) | 1.4(–10) | 1.2(–10) | 2.0(–12) | 1.0(–11) | 6 | 0.629 | 3.920(05) | 50.2 |
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−15 s−1 | 7.1(–14) | 7.5(–13) | 5.3(–12) | 9.4(–14) | 4.2(–12) | 4.1(–13) | 1.1(–12) | 4 | 0.434 | 3.650(05) | 30.0 |
| aRRK = 0 | 0 (i) | 0 (i) | 2.3(–11) | 7.0(–12) | 4.5(–11) | 7.2(–10) | 1.0(–12) | 3 | 0.413 | 4.292(05) | 89.2 |
| aRRK = 0.05 | 2.0(–11) | 9.0(–12) | 8.8(–11) | 4.6(–11) | 6.7(–10) | 9.0(–12) | 2.1(–12) | 5 | 0.451 | 3.568(05) | 25.4 |
| aRRK = 0.1 | 6.9(–11) | 2.1(–11) | 4.6(–10) | 6.5(–11) | 1.1(–09) | 3.0(–11) | 4.0(–12) | 4 | 0.448 | 3.590(05) | 26.5 |
| Eb = 0.3Ed | 1.6(–10) | 1.6(–11) | 3.6(–10) | 7.3(–11) | 2.6(–10) | 1.0(–12) | 9.0(–12) | 6 | 0.598 | 3.686(05) | 32.3 |
| Shock at T = 10 K | |||||||||||
| Tpeak = 200 K, t = 102 yr | 6.1(–11) | 1.1(–11) | 7.8(–11) | 4.4(–11) | 1.0(–09) | 3.0(–12) | 1.2(–11) | 6 | 0.465 | 3.993(05) | 56.8 |
| Tpeak = 1000 K, t = 102 yr | 2.6(–10) | 2.9(–11) | 1.3(–10) | 8.2(–11) | 4.5(–11) | 1.4(–11) | 1.0(–12) | 5 | 0.676 | 4.011(05) | 58.5 |
| Shock at T = 20 K | |||||||||||
| Tpeak = 200 K, t = 102 yr | 0 (i) | 0 (i) | 2.5(–11) | 5.0(–12) | 3.0(–09) | 9.0(–12) | 1.0(–12) | 2 | 0.299 | 3.952(05) | 53.0 |
| Tpeak = 1000 K, t = 102 yr | 0 (i) | 0 (i) | 8.0(–11) | 9.0(–12) | 1.2(–09) | 1.1(–11) | 1.0(–12) | 2 | 0.274 | 3.998(05) | 57.3 |
| X-ray burst at T = 10 K | |||||||||||
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−14 s−1, t = 102 yr | 4.3(–11) | 1.6(–11) | 2.9(–10) | 2.1(–11) | 1.4(–10) | 2.0(–12) | 2.0(–12) | 6 | 0.549 | 3.630(05) | 28.8 |
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−14 s−1, t = 103 yr | 1.4(–10) | 1.0(–11) | 4.4(–10) | 2.2(–10) | 2.3(–10) | 3.0(–12) | 1.5(–11) | 6 | 0.564 | 4.019(05) | 59.3 |
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−13 s−1, t = 102 yr | 3.2(–11) | 8.0(–12) | 9.8(–11) | 1.2(–11) | 1.1(–10) | 1.0(–12) | 1.0(–12) | 6 | 0.590 | 3.599(05) | 27.0 |
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−13 s−1, t = 103 yr | 1.0(–12) | 0 (i) | 1.8(–11) | 4.9(–11) | 1.6(–11) | 4.1(–13) | 2.0(–12) | 5 | 0.542 | 4.080(05) | 65.4 |
| X-ray burst at T = 20 K | |||||||||||
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−14 s−1, t = 102 yr | 5.8(–11) | 1.8(–11) | 9.8(–11) | 2.1(–11) | 1.9(–10) | 5.0(–12) | 3.0(–12) | 6 | 0.536 | 3.592(05) | 26.6 |
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−14 s−1, t = 103 yr | 2.8(–11) | 1.5(–11) | 7.2(–11) | 4.1(–11) | 1.1(–10) | 3.9(–12) | 7.9(–13) | 7 | 0.622 | 3.632(05) | 28.9 |
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−13 s−1, t = 102 yr | 1.4(–11) | 1.1(–11) | 1.9(–11) | 2.1(–11) | 5.2(–11) | 2.2(–12) | 8.3(–13) | 7 | 0.676 | 3.605(05) | 27.4 |
| ζCR = 1.3 × 10−13 s−1, t = 103 yr | 0 (i) | 1.0(–12) | 1.8(–11) | 1.9(–10) | 2.5(–11) | 5.2(–13) | 2.0(–12) | 5 | 0.640 | 4.079(05) | 65.3 |
Notes. (a) Number of fits represents how many COMs can fit observations at ttotal. (b) κ is the maximum average value of seven confidence levels in each model. (c) ttotal is the entire evolutionary time when κ is the maximum value. (d) T is the temperature at ttotal. (e) Li et al. (2020). For five extended COMs the upper and lower limits of the abundance are provided; for two compact COMs only the upper limit of the abundance is provided. (f) a(b) = a × 10b. (g) The median values are selected from the abundances of the observed points in the extended region of Sgr B2 to calculate κ. (h) Bold indicates overproduction compared with the upper limit or underproduction compared with the lower limit. (i) These numbers are far below 10−13 and for convenience are designated as 0.
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