Evolution of total projected density on (x, y) plane for halo 1 of the ‘CDM’ simulations with L = 12.5 Mpc h⁻¹. First column of panels: (from top to bottom) Vlasov runs with expansion factor values a = 0.084, 0.11, 0.12, and 0.16. The two top panels were generated using the highest resolution run with n_g = 512, VLA-CDM12.5-HR in Table 1, while the two bottom ones used respectively VLA-CDM12.5-MR with n_g = 256 and VLA-CDM12.5-LR with n_g = 128. Second column of panels: analogous to the first column, but for the PM simulation, PM-CDM12.5-HR, with n_g = 512. Third column of panels: more advanced times in the PM simulation, which highlight a multiple merger (halo 1 can be seen to the right of the top panel in this column). As in Fig. 6, the mass contributing to the projection comes only from the cubical subvolume displayed on each panel.