Phase 1 properties for a 3D current sheet as functions of the half-separation (d) of the two magnetic sources in units of the interaction distance (d₀): (a) the height (R_S) of the separator, (b) the rate of change (dψ/dt) of magnetic flux below the separator, (c) the current sheet length (L), and (d) the energy conversion rate (dW/dt) in units of . Dash-dot curves show the results for a 2D sheet (Priest et al. 2018).