Table 1.
Sample of Type II SN progenitors with inferred initial masses from both directly probing the SN progenitor and age-dating the surrounding environment.
| Environmental age-dating |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| MZAMS assuming a | MZAMS assuming a | MZAMS from | |
| SN event | single-star surrounding | surrounding population of | pre-SN core |
| population (M⊙) | binary systems (M⊙) | (M⊙) | |
| SN 1999br | (23.8) (a) | 10.4 (b) | < 14.1+1.8(c) |
| SN 2001X | (19.8) (a) | 8.0 (b) | 13−15 (d) |
| SN 2003dg |  (e) |
– |  (c) |
| SN 2004dg | (26.8) (a) | 14.0 (b) | < 9.5+0.7(c) |
| SN 2004et |  (e) |
– |  (c) |
| SN 2005cs |  (f) |
– |  (c) |
| SN 2006my | (18.5) (a) | 6.0 (b) |  (c) |
| SN 2008bk |  (f) |
– |  (c) |
| SN 2008cn | (18.3) (a) | 5.5 (b) |  (c) |
| SN 2009H | (24.4) (a) | 14.0 (b) | < 18 (g) |
| SN 2009N | (22.8) (a) | 5.5 (b) | < 13 (g) |
| SN 2009md | (18.2) (a) | 5.5 (b) |  (c) |
| SN 2012ec | (20.6) (a) | 8.0 (b) |  (c) |
| SN 2017eaw |  (f) |
– | ∼15 (h) |
Notes.
Hα emission by Schady et al. (2019), similar value to Kuncarayakti et al. (2018). Should be considered not valid according to Schady et al. (2019), thus are not shown in Fig. 7.
Hα emission by Schady et al. (2019), should be considered a lower limit.
Pre-SN image by Davies & Beasor (2018).
Nebular line modeling by Silverman et al. (2017).
Surrounding resolved stellar population by Williams et al. (2018), possibly an upper limit.
Surrounding resolved stellar population by Williams et al. (2014), possibly an upper limit.
Pre-SN image by Smartt (2015).
Pre-SN image by Van Dyk et al. (2019).
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