Histograms of values (with 1, 2, and 3 corresponding to the CMB dipole direction, Galactic plane, and a third orthogonal direction) using the map-space analysis for MILCA (top) and 2D-ILC (bottom) y maps, and for CMB template maps SMICA-NOSZ (left) and 2D-ILC (right). Blue histograms are simulations with the dipolar modulation term, and orange histograms are simulations without. Black vertical lines denote the values of the data, demonstrating that they are much more consistent with the existence of the dipolar modulation term than without it. Dashed lines show the 68% regions for a Gaussian fit to the histograms.