Model transmission spectra of HD 209458 b (left) and HD 189733 b (right) using the pressure-temperature profiles from Brogi & Line (2017) and Brogi et al. (2018) and the water vapour volume-mixing ratios of 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁴, respectively. The same model for HD 189733 b with an additional haze contribution at an arbitrary level is shown in magenta to illustrate the reduction of the water signal. All models were computed at the CARMENES spectral resolution in the VIS channel () and they included the contributions from Rayleigh scattering and collision-induced absorption.