Panel a: GLE time profile (GLE 67 for MOSC NM; see Fig. 1c) as provided formally above the constant baseline (I_f is plotted as the dashed red curve), and detrended profiles for the variable baseline (I_d is plotted as the solid blue line). Panel b: cumulative intensity of GLE 67 MOSC, i.e., time integration of curves in panel a. The dashed black line represents the adopted integral intensity X = 5.8% h.