Fig. 1.
Variation of the satellites’ semi-major axes (Δa and a) in the first phase of the evolution. Due to the Laplace resonance, the tidal dissipation is distributed among Io, Europa, and Ganymede. As shown in the zoom-in view, Io initially migrates inward and then outward like Europa and Ganymede. Callisto does not have any secular trend.
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