Sketch of the evolution of temperature during the magma ocean and core formation stage. Brown, dashed curves depict the cooling temperature profile with time; for simplicity, we assume a super-heated interior to an extent that the entire interior would initially be molten. The green and grey areas show the melting region (from solidus to liquidus melting temperature) for the mantle and the core, respectively, following Stixrude (2014). The assumed final temperature profile of the mantle after magma ocean solidification is shown in black, starting at the solidus temperature below the surface thermal boundary layer and increasing adiabatically with depth throughout the rocky mantle. For the core, three possible temperature scenarios are shown, set at the CMB, either to the mantle liquidus temperature (hot, red), the mantle solidus temperature (warm, orange) or the adiabatic mantle temperature (cold case, blue). While the first two cases (hot and warm) resemble possible temperatures during and at the end of the magma ocean stage, the cold scenario mimics an old planet that experienced efficient cooling.