Instantaneous snapshots of zonally-averaged temperature (left panels) and vertical wind speed distributions (right panels) as functions of latitude and pressure with north pole at substellar point. Top: 0.1-bar CO₂ -dominated atmosphere at T_eq = 279 K (Wordsworth 2015, Fig. 2). Bottom: 0.5 bar N₂-dominated atmosphere at T_eq = 400 K (Koll & Abbot 2016, Fig. 4). Latitude is given in degrees (horizontal axis). This coordinate does not correspond to the usual latitude but to a latitude coordinate in the system of spherical coordinates where the north pole is the substellar point and the south pole the anti-stellar point. The associated colatitude is the stellar zenithal angle in this system of coordinates. Pressure is given in bars (vertical axis), temperature in K, and vertical velocity in m s⁻¹. The white area at the substellar point indicates the region where surface pressure is lower than the spherically averaged surface pressure due to the updraft. The dotted red line indicates the transition between rising and subsiding flows, where the vertical velocity is zero.