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Fig. 2.

image

Constraints on Ωm, 0 and ΩΛ, 0 from the cosmic microwave background (CMB, orange contours, WMAP, Komatsu et al. 2011), supernovae (blue contours, Union 2 SN Ia compilation, Amanullah et al. 2010), and baryon acoustic oscillations (green contours, SDSS, Eisenstein et al. 2005; from Amanullah et al. 2010, Fig. 10). The red and purple contours correspond to projected 1, 2, and 3σ constraints implied by Eqs. (8) and (10), respectively, using a presumed high-accuracy measurement of the evolution of Ωta at the low-redshift Universe (∼42 000 galaxy clusters at z ≤ 0.3, with an individual-cluster Ωta uncertainty of 50%, see Sect. 3), yielding a 1.5% accuracy estimate of Ωta0 and a 3.5% estimate of dΩta/dz|0. We have assumed that Ωta evolves with z as predicted by flat Ωm, 0 = 0.315, ΛCDM cosmology. At this level of accuracy, ΩΛ, 0 >  0 could be established at a 14σ confidence level from the turnaround density data alone.

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