Open Access

Table 2

Experiment summary.

Exp. Precursor (weight) BPR(a) H2 (b) RPM (c) Time (d) H/C HRTEM(e)
(bar) (at. %)
Stainless steel

sst-a Graphite (1.3 g) 94 3.5 400 90h 4.27
sst-b Graphite (1.7 g) 72 4.3 400 43h30 3.52
sst-c Mesoporous C (5 g) 25 13 400 44h30
sst-d Mesoporous C (5 g) 25 16 400 45h45
sst-e(f) Mesoporous C (5 g) 25 16 400 45h45
sst-f Graphite (2.5 g) 49 20 400 71h30 6.38 y
sst-g Fullerene (2.5 g) 49 20 400 100h 5.34 y
sst-h MWCNT (2.5 g) 46 25 400 155h y
sst-i1 Graphite (1.33 g) 50 20 1500 0h30 1.12
sst-i2 Graphite (1.33 g) 50 20 1500 2h 2.85
sst-i3 Graphite (1.33 g) 50 20 1500 8h 3.63
sst-j1 Graphite (1.57 g) 53 20 1500 0h30 2.48 -
sst-j2 Graphite (1.57 g) 53 20 1500 2h 4.59
sst-j3 Graphite (1.57 g) 53 20 1500 8h 4.41
sst-k Fullerene (1.33 g) 50 20 1500 9h 3.00
sst-l1 MWCNT (1.31 g) 51 20 1500 1h 1.82
sst-l2 MWCNT (1.31 g) 51 20 1500 3h 3.19
sst-l3 MWCNT (1.31 g) 51 20 1500 9h 3.41
sst-m Carbon Black (1.32 g) 51 20 1500 9h

Hardened steel

hst-a1 Graphite (7.5 g) 83 23 400 5h 2.83 y
hst-a2 Graphite (7.5 g) 83 23 400 17h 5.13 y
hst-a3 Graphite (7.5 g) 83 23 400 48h 4.42 y
hst-b Graphite (1 g) 132 20 400 8h -
hst-c Graphite (18 g) 37 20 400 72h
hst-d NanoGraphite (15 g) 14 25 400 234h
hst-e Fullerene (5 g) 64 25 400 100h 4.00 y
hst-f Carbon black (5 g) 81 17 400 96h y

Tungsten carbide

cw-a1 Graphite (5 g) 31 20 400 8h 1.69 y
cw-a2 Graphite (5 g) 31 20 400 20h 2.38 y
cw-a3 Graphite (5 g) 31 20 400 100h 3.93 y
cw-b MWCNT (7.5 g) 70 25 400 78h
cw-c Fullerene (3 g) 174 20 400 26h y

Zirconium oxide

zr-a1 Graphite (2.5 g) 31 23 400 4h
zr-a2 Graphite (2.5 g) 31 23 400 24h
zr-a3 Graphite (2.5 g) 31 23 400 131h 3.55 y
zr-b Fullerene (1.1 g) 70 23 500 91h 3.00 y

Notes. (a) Ball-to-powder ratio, i.e. weight of the milling balls with respect to the milled sample; (b) input pressure before milling; (c)revolutions per minute; (d)milling time; (e) High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope; (f)HCl washed after milling.

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