Fig. 3

Mach number as a functionof r and z in two simulations with dust and an isothermal gas equation of state. As in the dust-free equivalent (compare with Fig. 1), the vertical shear instability induces large-scale perturbations away from the midplane. In the simulation iso_Z=0.02_Lr=90au_Lz=4Hg (left panel), in which we initialize the dust at the beginning, small-scale perturbations can be seen at all radii in the midplane. These perturbations are also observable in the simulation iso_Z=0.02_Lr=90au_Lz=4Hg_tdinit=50kyr (right panel), in which the dust is introduced after 50 kyr, although not at all radii and extending to greater heights. The inlays with a vertical extent of 0.6 gas scale heights show the enlarged perturbations. However, such small-scale perturbations do not exist in the corresponding simulation without dust.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.