Fig. 3.
Redshift-dependent escape fractions that we assume in our standard model for stripped stars (dark blue), massive stars (light blue), and AGN (beige). The functions for the escape fraction for stripped stars and massive stars are given in Eqs. (2) and (3), respectively. We also show the escape fraction of Haardt & Madau (2012) for stellar populations as a gray dotted line; it is marked HM12.
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