Fig. 4

Relevant timescales for fragments created by collisions inside a debris disk (a = 95– 105 au; mDust = 4.05 × 1025g) around an A4V-star (M⋆ = 1.92 M⊙) with a planet at ap = 20 au with an eccentricity of ep = 0.6 and a mass of mp = 2.5 MJ. The β value of the particles (blue, dotted), and the blowout limit (blue zone on the left) are shown. The precession timescale (orange; top), the crossing timescale (black; middle; where applicable), and the Poynting–Robertson timescale (red; crossing the top and the middle plot) are derived analytically. The collision timescale (black, dashed) was taken directly from the numerical results of the simulation. When possible, a range (shaded area) of timescales for a = 95– 105 au is given in addition to the value at a = 100 au (solid line).
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