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Fig. 6.

image

Fraction of an element in a given ionization state for Mg II (blue solid), Ca II (green solid), and H I (red solid) in a column of the MURaM model atmosphere. Panel a: log-scaled ionization fractions. Panel b: linearly scaled ionization fractions. Panel c: gas temperature (black solid) as a function of height. Vertical lines show the maximum formation heights of Mg II k (dashed blue), Ca II K (dashed green), and Hα (dashed red).

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