Open Access

Table E.1

Input parameters to generate spots and plages.

Category Parameter Value/range Unit Reference
Solar activity Cycle shape Smoothed average Sect. 3.6.3
solar cycle
Cycle period 2–14.5 (yr) Sect. 3.6.1, Noyes et al. (1984b)
Baliunas et al. (1996)
Saar & Brandenburg (1999)
Böhm-Vitense (2007)
Oláh et al. (2009); Lovis et al. (2011)
Suárez Mascareño et al. (2016)
Oláh et al. (2016)
Cycle amplitude 0.03–0.43 (Log ) Sect. 3.6.2, Lovis et al. (2011)
Radick et al. (1998)
Spot number random dispersion 25 % Adapted from Borgniet et al. (2015)

Stellar
fondamental Stellar radius 0.9–1.4 (R) Sect. 3.2, Boyajian et al. (2012, 2013)
parameters Stellar Teff 4594–6334 (K) Sect. 3.2, Gray (2005)

Spatio-temporal Mean start latitude 22, 32, 42 (deg) Sect. 3.5
distribution Mean end latitude 9 (deg) Borgniet et al. (2015)
Standard lat. dispersion 6 (deg) id.
Max. lat. dispersion 20 (deg) id.
North-south asymmetry 0.5 id.
Active longitude spot fraction 0.4 id.
Active longitude extension area +/-20 (deg) id.

Large scale Differential rotation Ω0 = 6.6–112.5 (deg day−1) Sect. 3.5 Adapted from
dynamics Mamajek & Hillenbrand (2008)
Reinhold & Gizon (2015)
Ω1 = −2.10 to −7.25 (deg day−1) id.
Meridional flow α = 12.9 (m s−1) Komm et al. (1993)
β = 1.4 (m s−1) id.

Isolated Total fraction 0.4 Martinez Pillet et al. (1993)
spots Mean initial size 46.51 (μHem) Adapted from Baumann & Solanki (2005)
properties Standard size deviation 2.14 (μHem) id.
Max. size 1500 (μHem) Papers I and II, Borgniet et al. (2015)
Mean decay –18.9 (μHem day−1) Martinez Pillet et al. (1993)
Median decay –14.8 (μHem day−1) id.

Complex Total fraction 0.6 Martinez Pillet et al. (1993)
spots Mean initial size 90.24 (μHem) Adapted from Baumann & Solanki (2005)
properties Standard size deviation 2.49 (μHem) id.
Max. size 5000 (μHem) Papers I and II, Borgniet et al. (2015)
Mean decay –41.3 (μHem day−1) Martinez Pillet et al. (1993)
Median decay –30.9 (μHem day−1) id.

All spots Min. decay value –3 (μHem day−1) id.
Max. decay value –200 (μHem day−1) id.
Min. spot size 10 (μHem) Papers I and II, Borgniet et al. (2015)

Faculae q (facula-to-spot ratio) Borgniet et al. (2015)
properties Mean log(q) 0.8 id.
Standard deviation (log(q)) 0.4 id.
Min.- Max. log(q) 0.1–5 id.
Mean decay –27 (μHem day−1) id.
Median decay –20 (μHem day−1) id.
Min. facula size 3 (μHem) Papers I and II

Network Diffusion coefficient 69–407 (km2 s−1) Sect. 3.7.2 Schrijver (2001)
properties Meunier et al. (2017b)
Remainder fraction for decay 0.975 (day−1) Borgniet et al. (2015)
Min. size 3 (μHem) Papers I and II, Borgniet et al. (2015)
Facula fraction recovered 0.8 Borgniet et al. (2015)

Notes.Values kept to the solar values used in Borgniet et al. (2015) are in italics.

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.