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Fig. 3.

image

Evolution of relative magnetic helicity as calculated by the volume method (with Eq. (1), black curve) and by the field line method (with Eq. (11), coloured curves), and of their relative difference η, for the non-eruptive emergence (top panel), the eruptive emergence (middle panel), and the jet formation simulations (bottom panel). In all cases it is shown the RMFLH that starts from the positive footpoints (Eq. (8), red curve), from the negative footpoints (Eq. (9), blue curve), and from both (Eq. (10), grey curve).

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