Table 1
Stellar parameters for the Sun and all M dwarfs used in this study.
| Star | Type | Teff (K) Lit. | Teff (K) MUSC. | R∕R⊙ | M∕M⊙ | L∕L⊙ (10−3) | d (pc) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sun | G2 | 5772 | – | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1000.00 | 0.00 |
| GJ 832 | M1.5(a) | 3657(b) | 3816 ± 250(c) | 0.480(a) | 0.450 ± 0.050(a) | 26.00(d) | 4.93(a) |
| GJ 176 | M2(e) | 3679 ± 77(e) | 3416 ± 100(c) | 0.453 ± 0.022(e) | 0.450(e) | 33.70 ± 1.80(e) | 9.27(e) |
| GJ 581 | M2.5(f) | 3498 ± 56(f) | 3295 ± 140(c) | 0.299 ± 0.010(f) | 0.300(f) | 12.05 ± 0.24(f) | 6.00(f) |
| GJ 436 | M3(g) | 3416 ± 56(g) | 3281 ± 110(c) | 0.455 ± 0.018(g) | 0.507 (g) |
25.30 ± 1.20(g) | 10.23(h) |
| GJ 644 | M3*(i) | 3350(j) | – | 0.678(k) | 0.416 ± 0.006(i) | 26.06(j) | 6.50(k) |
| AD Leo | M3.5*(b) | 3380(b) | – | 0.390(l) | 0.420(l) | 24.00(m) | 4.89(b) |
| GJ 667C | M3.5(n) | 3350(o) | 3327 ± 120(c) | 0.460(p) | 0.330 ± 0.019(o) | 13.70(q) | 6.80(q) |
| GJ 876 | M4(e) | 3129 ± 19(e) | 3062 (c) |
0.376 ± 0.006(e) | 0.370(e) | 12.20 ± 0.20(e) | 4.69(e) |
| GJ 1214 | M4.5(r) | 3252 ± 20(s) | 2935 ± 100(c) | 0.211 ± 0.011(s) | 0.176 ± 0.009(s) | 4.05 ± 0.19(s) | 14.55 ± 0.13(s) |
| Proxima Cen. | M5.5(t) | 3054 ± 79(t) | – | 0.141 ± 0.007(t) | 0.118(t) | 1.55 ± 0.02(t) | 1.30(r) |
| TRAPPIST-1 | M8(u) | 2559 ± 50(u) | – | 0.117 ± 0.004(u) | 0.080 ± 0.007(u) | 0.52 ± 0.03(u) | 12.10 ± 0.40(u) |
Notes. Stars labelled with an asterisk are active M dwarfs. Effective temperatures of the stars which are included in the MUSCLES database (Teff (K) MUSC.) are taken from Loyd et al. (2016).
References.(a)Bailey et al. (2008); (b)Gautier III et al. (2007); (c)Loyd et al. (2016); (d)Bonfils et al. (2013); (e)von Braun et al. (2014); (f)von Braun et al. (2011); (g)von Braun et al. (2012); (h)Butler et al. (2004); (i)Segransan et al. (2000); (j)Reid & Gilmore (1984); (k)Giampapa et al. (1996); (l)Reiners et al. (2009); (m)Pettersen & Coleman (1981); (n)Neves et al. (2014); (o)Anglada-Escudé et al. (2013a); (p)Kraus et al. (2011); (q)van Leeuwen (2008); (r)Lurie et al. (2014); (s)Anglada-Escudé et al. (2013b); (t)Boyajian et al. (2012); (u)Gillon et al. (2017).
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