GLS periodograms of CARMENES RVs (panel a) and their residuals (panel b) after removing the planet signal at f = 0.06 d⁻¹ derived fromK2 photometry, marked in red. Panels c–e: periodograms of the chromatic index, differential line width, and Hα index. Panels f–h: periodograms for the cross-correlation function full-width half-maximum, contrast, and bisector velocity span. The horizontal dashed line shows the theoretical FAP level of 10%. The shaded blue area indicates the period range longerthan the time span of the observations.