Issue |
A&A
Volume 639, July 2020
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A132 | |
Number of page(s) | 17 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038160 | |
Published online | 21 July 2020 |
Precise mass and radius of a transiting super-Earth planet orbiting the M dwarf TOI-1235: a planet in the radius gap?
1
Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl 12, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
e-mail: pbluhm@lsw.uni-heidelberg.de
2
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
3
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
4
Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
5
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), ESAC, Camino bajo del castillo s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
6
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
7
Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
8
Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ky, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
9
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK
10
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
11
Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
12
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Planetenforschung, 12489 Berlin, Rutherfordstrasse 2., Germany
13
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
14
Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
15
Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany
16
Center for Planetary Systems Habitability and McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78730, USA
17
Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
18
Departamento de Explotación y Prospección de Minas, Escuela de Minas, Energía y Materiales, Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
19
Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías del Espacio de Asturias, Independencia 13, 33004 Oviedo, Spain
20
Department of Physics, University of Khartoum, Al-Gamaa Ave, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
21
Campo Catino Astronomical Observatory, Regione Lazio, 03010 Guarcino (FR), Italy
22
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands
23
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden
24
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Māanoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
25
IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
26
AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
27
Observatori Astronòmic Albanyà, Camí de Bassegoda s/n, 17733 Albanyà, Girona, Spain
28
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
29
Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
30
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
31
NASA 31 Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
32
Department of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore PA 19081, USA
33
Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fričova 298, 25165, Ondřejov, Czech Republic
34
Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, Aachener Strasse 209, 50931 Köln, Germany
35
Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica and IPARCOS-UCM (Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos de la UCM), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
36
Komaba Institute forScience, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
37
JST, PRESTO, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
38
Astrobiology Center, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
39
Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
40
Homer L. Dodge Departmentof Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, OK 73019, USA
41
Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán, Observatorio de Calar Alto, Sierra de los Filabres, 04550 Gérgal, Spain
42
Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
43
Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
44
Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
45
Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
46
Space Science Institute, 4765 Walnut St., Suite B, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
47
Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
48
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
49
School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University London, 327 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
50
Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
51
Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde, Brugge, Belgium & Centre for mathematical Plasma-Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
52
AstroLAB IRIS, Provinciaal Domein “De Palingbeek”, Verbrandemolenstraat 5, 8902 Zillebeke, Ieper, Belgium
53
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, 355 Lee Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
Received:
13
April
2020
Accepted:
16
June
2020
We report the confirmation of a transiting planet around the bright weakly active M0.5 V star TOI-1235 (TYC 4384–1735–1, V ≈ 11.5 mag), whose transit signal was detected in the photometric time series of sectors 14, 20, and 21 of the TESS space mission. We confirm the planetary nature of the transit signal, which has a period of 3.44 d, by using precise RV measurements with the CARMENES, HARPS-N, and iSHELL spectrographs, supplemented by high-resolution imaging and ground-based photometry. A comparison of the properties derived for TOI-1235 b with theoretical models reveals that the planet has a rocky composition, with a bulk density slightly higher than that of Earth. In particular, we measure a mass of Mp = 5.9 ± 0.6 M⊕ and a radius of Rp = 1.69 ± 0.08 R⊕, which together result in a density of ρp = 6.7− 1.1+ 1.3 g cm−3. When compared with other well-characterized exoplanetary systems, the particular combination of planetary radius and mass places our discovery in the radius gap, which is a transition region between rocky planets and planets with significant atmospheric envelopes. A few examples of planets occupying the radius gap are known to date. While the exact location of the radius gap for M dwarfs is still a matter of debate, our results constrain it to be located at around 1.7 R⊕ or larger at the insolation levels received by TOI-1235 b (~60 S⊕). This makes it an extremely interesting object for further studies of planet formation and atmospheric evolution.
Key words: techniques: photometric / techniques: radial velocities / stars: individual: TOI-1235 / stars: late-type
© ESO 2020
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.