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Fig. 5

image

Results from population synthesis calculations (blue circles) of combined planet formation and evolution that are used for the initial conditions. Orange dots give our final dataset. Left panel: envelope mass as function of total mass with the fit from this work (orange-red, Eq. (11)). For more massive planets the envelope mass as calculated from the relationship found by Thorngren et al. (2016; Eq. (12)) is shown for the 30 M planet with a green square. Right panel: post formation luminosity as a function of total planetary mass, together with the fit from Mordasini et al. (2017; dark-green, Eq. (14)) and from this work (orange-red, Eq. (13)).

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