Production rates of nascent escaping C atoms due to CO PD in the Martian upper atmosphere (panel A), the atmosphericmass densities (panel B), and the respective C escape probabilities (panel C) obtained for several MAVEN orbits under varying conditions of solar illumination. Different colors represent different levels of solar activity, and different line styles represent different solar illumination angles. The orbit numbers, the CO PD frequencies at the top of the atmosphere, as well as the periapsis SZAs are specified in the figure legend for reference.