Panel A: density profiles of CO₂ (black), O (green), N₂ (blue), CO (red), and Ar (orange) obtained from the NGIMS measurements over the inbound portion of MAVEN orbit No. 1077 on20 Apr 2015 during the second MAVEN Deep Dip campaign (dashed), to be compared with the respective empirical models assuming species-dependent constant temperatures from the periapsis up to 250 km (solid). The N₂ and Ar densities are divided by 10 to improve visibility. Panel B: hot C production rates via CO PD (solid red) and CO⁺ DR (dash-dotted red), and the hot N production rates via N₂ PD (solid blue) and N DR (dash-dotted blue), respectively. Also shown are the production rates of nascent escaping C (dashed red) and N (dashed blue) atoms, multiplied by the respective escape probabilities obtained with the multiple collision model outlined in Sect. 3. Panel C: escape probabilities for C (solid red) and N (solid blue) based on this study, as well as the escape probabilities for the ideal exobase approximation (dashed green) and the single collision approximation of Cravens et al. (2017) for a mean ejection angle of 60° with respective to local vertical (dashed black).