Time-averaged latitudinal distributions of the fraction of surface area covered by starspots for (panel a), (panel b), (panel c), and (panel d), where , given at the top of each panel. The colours correspond to the cases in Figs. 3 and 6; lighter ones are averages over a one-year window centred at the activity maximum and darker curves represent cycle averages. Time-averaged surface coverages for maxima and whole-cycles are given inside each plot. Panel e: variation of the total spot coverage for each case.