Aperture mass variance as a function of filtering scale for ΛCDM and MG models. Data points represent the mean over 256 realisations of each simulated cosmology and are plotted at scales (ϑ₁, …, ϑ₇) = (0.293′, 0.586′, 1.17′, 2.34′, 4.69′, 9.34′, 18.8′). Shaded areas indicate the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty around ΛCDM. Left panel: three f(R) models without neutrinos. Differences in MG variance relative to ΛCDM match those seen for the power spectra in Fig. 4. In particular, the f₄(R) variance at large scales exceeds that of ΛCDM by around 30%, while the maximum deviations of f₅(R) and f₆(R) occur at small scales at a level of about 16% and 2%, respectively. Right panel: three f₅(R) models with different sums of neutrino masses m_ν. Trends in the curves again mirror their power spectra, and the effect of neutrinos damping structure growth is seen in the modulation of f₅(R) variance with m_ν = 0 eV towards the curve for m_ν = 0.15 eV.