Fig. 4.

Top: precessing model with major axis of the bar aligned with the precessing x axis, and precessing z axis describing a cone about the inertial Z axis. (xp, yp, zp) denotes the axes in the precessing frame and (X, Y, Z) in the inertial one. Bottom: Integral Sign galaxy, UGC 3697, with a superposition of the warp obtained from the precessing model.
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