Fig. A.1.
Free-energy landscape of the synthesis of formamide and •NH from isocyanic acid and ammonia at T = 63 K (i.e., reaction (2) of the main text). During the chemical conversion of the reactants into the products the system spontaneously explores a (meta)stability basin ascribed to the urea molecule (CO(NH2)2) at (S, Z) ~ (1.8, 1.0). Incidentally, this basin is more stable than that related to the expected products (i.e., formamide and •NH).
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