Evolution of the inclination i₂ and ascending node longitude Ω₂ of a given particle resulting from the No-GR (red curve) and GR simulations (blue curve). The black dots illustrate the values of the particle’s inclination i₂ for which the ascending node longitude reaches extreme values given by Eq. (7). The horizontal dashed black line represents a value of the inclination i₂ of 90°. The planet of the system has a semimajor axis a₁ of 0.867 au and an eccentricity e₁ of 0.8. The initial conditions of the particle are a₂ = 20.792 au, e₂ = 0.705, i₂ = 51.09°, ω₂ = 157.95°, and Ω₂ = 52.9°.