Table A.1
Planetary parameters.
| Parameter | Venus | Earth | Mars | Unit | Explanation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rplanet | 6051.8 | 6371 | 3389.5 | km | Mean radius of planet | |
| Mplanet | 4.867 × 1024 | 5.972 × 1024 | 6.417 × 1023 | kg | Mass of planet | |
| nsw | 1.2 × 107 | 6.0 × 106 | 2.6 × 106 | m−3 | Solar wind density | |
| vsw | 4 × 105 | 4 × 105 | 4 × 105 | ms−1 | Solar wind speed | |
| Bz | −12 | −10 | −7 | nT | IMF Bz | |
| rexo | 6271.8 | 6871 | 3609.5 | km | Radius of the exobase | 1, 2 |
| rIMB | 6666.8 | 7647 | 4489.5 | km | Radius of the IMB | 3, 4 |
| md0 | <7 × 1018 | 7.77 × 1022 | <2 × 1018 | Am2 | Dipole moment | 5–7 |
| nexo,H | 1.3 × 109 | 8.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | m−3 | Hydrogen density at exobase | 8 |
| nexo,O | 7.5 × 1010 | 4 × 1010 | 5.7 × 1012 | m−3 | Oxygen density at exobase | 9–11 |
| Texo,H | 1020 | 900 | 350 | K | Exobase temperature | 1, 8 |
| Texo,O | 6400 | 4100 | 300 | K | Exobase temperature | 10–12 |
| Q0,pc,H | – | 7.8 × 1025 | – | s−1 | Ref. rate polar cap H escape | 13 |
| Q0,pc,O | – | 8 × 1024 | – | s−1 | Ref. rate polar cap O escape | 13, 14 |
| Q0,cu,H | – | 5 × 1024 | – | s−1 | Ref. rate cusp H escape | 15 |
| Q0,cu,O | – | 2 × 1025 | – | s−1 | Ref. rate cusp O escape | 15–17 |
| Q0,pu,H | 1.3 × 1025 | 5.3 × 1026 | 2.3 × 1025 | s−1 | Ref. rate pickup H escapea | 1 |
| Q0,pu,O | 1.2 × 1025 | 7.9 × 1022 | 2.6 × 1032 | s−1 | Ref. rate pickup O escapea | 1, 18, 19 |
| Q0,cf,H | 1.4 × 1025 | 7.7 × 1025 | 2.0 × 1024 | s−1 | Cross-field ion loss rate H | 20–22 |
| Q0,cf,O | 5.2 × 1024 | 3 × 1024 | 2.0 × 1024 | s−1 | Cross-field ion loss rate O | 21–24 |
| Q0,ldr,O | 0 | 0 | 5 × 1024 | s−1 | Low diss. recomb. rate | 25 |
| Q0,hdr,O | 0 | 0 | 5.9 × 1025 | s−1 | High diss. recomb. rate | 26 |
| Q0,sp,O | 6 × 1024 | 6 × 1024 | 4.5 × 1023 | s−1 | Ref. rate sputtering | 27–29 |
Notes. The table lists the parameters used in the escape calculation.
The tabulated pickup rates Q0,pu,α correspond to the hypothetical case where the boundary is at the exobase. Actual escape rates are found by scaling according to Eq. (A.10).
References. (1) Lammer (2013); (2) Lichtenegger et al. (2006); (3) Stenberg Wieser et al. (2015); (4) Bertucci et al. (2011); (5) Acuña et al. (2001); (6) Olson & Amit (2006); (7) Luhmann et al. (2015); (8) Anderson Jr. & Hord (1977); (9) McElroy et al. (1982); (10) Shematovich et al. (1994); (11) Chaufray et al. (2009); (12) Nagy et al. (1981); (13) Engwall et al. (2009); (14) Maes et al. (2016); (15) Pollock et al. (1990); (16) Nilsson (2011); (17) Slapak et al. (2013); (18) Masunaga et al. (2013); (19) Ramstad et al. (2015); (20) Lundin et al. (2009); (21) Nordström et al. (2013); (22) André & Cully (2012); (23) Nilsson et al. (2011); (24) Welling et al. (2015); (25) Lammer & Bauer (1991); (26) Cravens et al. (2017); (27) Luhmann & Kozyra (1991); (28) Lammer et al. (2006); (29) Chaufray et al. (2007).
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